Adolescent sex offender treatment effectiveness : a meta-analysis

Abstract

A meta-analysis of research literature published since 1978 was undertaken to assess the amount of change and efficacy associated with the treatment of adolescent sex offenders in institutional, residential, and community-based settings. An extensive literature search produced over 300 sources. All of the sources were coded and selected for inclusion based on established criteria. studies representing 1,411 adolescent included in the meta-analysis. An analysis of the database involved converting study findings to a common metric called an effect size. Effect sizes were studied across several variables to reveal patterns and establish findings regarding the effectiveness or ineffectiveness of adolescent sex offender treatment. The meta-analysis of effects (~ = 1,411) from 18 studies showed an average effect size of (Cohen Q = .49) which indicated a moderate level of effectiveness. Adolescents in treatment programs that implemented group and family interventions in a community-based/outpatient setting showed the best potential for positive outcomes. The results were supportive of a multisystemic modality of treatment. The results for offenders (14.5 to 15 years of age) were more positive than those for offenders (15.6 to 18.2 years of age). Studies conducted in the earlier years (1986 to 1991) achieved a greater effectiveness rating than studies conducted in the later years. Limitations of the study, implications for the juvenile justice system, and treatment planning were discussed. An appendix that categorically lists 340 sources that address adolescent sex offender issues is included. Overall, it appeared that adolescent sex offender treatment is moderately effective, although this conclusion must be moderated by the fact that effect sizes were heterogeneous. Recommendations for future research include a call for more long-term follow-up studies with thorough reporting practices.